What learning theories will be ineffective with students with disabilities? Why?

Your question is too OPEN. Narrow it down: WHAT disability are you speaking about? Each disability has its ineffective ways of approaching it and also the best things FOUND to work with people having such a disability. So narrow it down. Go to the Internet and use KEY words and you will pull hundreds if not thousands of web sites with dialogue. Yes, it will not be boiled down to the Reader's Digest version. You WILL have to read a lot but the positive aspect is YOU will LEARN as you go along reading about DISABILITIES. I take it you're a teacher. If so, remember the rule of thumb you learned in college - THERE IS NO STANDARD YARD STICK FOR ALL CHILDREN. EACH IS DIFFERENT. That is the beauty of teaching. Otherwise ANYONE could be a teacher if all one had to do was follow a matrix! I've learned that teaching ANYONE of ANY age one first has to -- earn their confidence. When that is accomplished THEY WILL LISTEN TO YOU. Until you have EARNED that priviledge from the student, nothing works. I taught a child with a severe speech disorder to speak well -- by teaching that child to sing. Yes, singing. Once she started to SING her sentence she was able to switch to speech very easily. A different part of the brain controls singing than the one that controls speech. Guess what? I located that solution through my INTERNET research. Many hours, days and months of reading went into that but she has the most beautiful voice I've let my ears listen to. Good luck and God Bless anyone trying to work with people who have challenges in life.